Electrical devices and their effective use

At the moment, almost every person wants to learn to save electricity in everyday life.Energy saving in daily life is popularly considerable, as it does not require special investments, but can save significantly

Electrical rates are constantly growing.That's why many people try to limit their costs.Now there are a huge amount of special information that will help to respect the elementary rules of the culture of energy consumption.If you are interested, you can read the compensation for the reactive power.

Savings on the public places of lighting

Usually, to solve this problem, it is necessary to set the movement sensors.They will help to include lighting only in the required period.If these devices are covered at the entrance, you must remember that your home will be able to save a significant amount of funds.If necessary, you can also significantly save your funds.To perform this process, it is necessary to install a semiconductor diode in a breaking of the wire.

Now the diode must be inserted in the switch.The diode will perform a certain amount of electricity through itself.The tension will be significantly reduced and consequently you can be able to significantly save your funds.

Electric savings when using appliances

Electricity in everyday life represents 9-10% of all the necessary energy.And although when using domestic electricity engineering, the possibilities of energy conservation (compared to heating and hot water) are limited, but according to the bills you paid, it is seen that this type of energy is related to the roads.When buying domestic electric engineering, pay attention to energy consumption, compare various models and producers.

In a family of 4 people 1/5 of electricity, it will take care of things and clothes.The use of modern technology and a change in our habits will save up to 40% of electricity

Energy saving in the kitchen

If you plan to use an electric kettle, it is not necessary to fill it until the end.The water must be paid in these quantities which is sufficient for a certain period.This must be done so that the kettle does not use additional electricity.If you plan to use an electric stove, it is necessary to remember that to save a significant tool it is necessary to choose dishes that will completely correspond to the size of the plate.If you are interested, you can also read the thermostats that greet the energy.

The main directions of energy conservation in everyday life

Depending on the climatic conditions, type and size of the home, heating systems, gas availability, specific measures aimed at saving resources may vary.But the main directions of increase in energy efficiency in everyday life are:

• Heat saving.Insulation of walls, ceilings and basements.Replacement of windows and doors with new metal plastics or sealing old cracks and holes.Installation behind the heating battery of the aluminum sheet or the heat reflection screen.Replacement of cast iron radiators with bimetallic or aluminum.Glazing of the Loggia and the balcony.All measures overall will contribute to increasing the temperature in the 4-5 degree room without increasing the cost of the Engir council.
• Save water.The installation of the measurement device consumed water.Replacement of rotating cranes on mixers with lever switches.Check and repair the drain tank in the toilet, installation of a two -plants tank.Less often take a bath, use a shower more.Do not turn on the water with a complete flow without much need.When you shave and wash your teeth, close the crane.Use the dishwasher and the washing machine with relatively complete.In general, it is possible to reduce the water flow of 3-4 times.
• Gas saving.With individual gas heating, all measures aimed at maintaining warmth and hot water automatically lead to gase savings.During cooking, it is rational to use modern stainless steel dishes with a shiny bottom.All dishes should be clean and uniform, correspond to the size of the burner.Check the adjacent density of the oven door so that the hot air does not come out.The cost reduction prospect is 2-3 times.

Energy lighting devices

Usually, the apartments that have long corridors use the lighting that burns constantly.To start saving, it is necessary to use incandescent lamps that save energy.These lamps have a long guarantee and therefore you can certainly save significant funds.If you plan to choose high quality lamps, then you should choose a good producer.

In addition, if you expect to save significant funds, it is necessary to use only light backgrounds.Try not to overlook natural light in your home.

Energy consumption in everyday life - Where can I save?

Of all the consumption of energy in everyday life, the lion share - 79% go to heating the premises, 15% of energy is spent for heat processes (water heating, cuisine, etc.), 5% of the energy consume electric appliances and 1% energy is consumed for lighting, radio and television equipment.

What is 1 kW of energy?

You will need 1 kW of energy for:

• 50 hours to listen to the radio;
• 110 radios with an electrical front;
• For 17 hours, leave a light burning of 60 watts;
• 12 hours watch a color TV;
• Empty 2 hours;
• Take a 5 -minute shower;
• Heat a complete water of water at 6 degrees (150 l).

Safe work with electricity in everyday life

Electricity serves for almost two centuries for almost two centuries and from year to year its role in the life of a modern person is constantly increasing.We can also bravely say that electricity has at the moment penetrated in almost all the most important spheres in the life of modern society.

The widespread use of electricity is associated, first of all, with a simple mechanism relating to transforming it into other types of energy.With the help of a variety of types of heating devices, a person manages to receive thermal energy for cooking or for heating the premises.In lighting devices, electricity is transformed into light and with the help of an electric motor we easily transform the energy of electricity into mechanical energy.

But with all this, it is necessary to constantly remember that behind visible cunning and simplicity of electricity, a significant threat to human life and health can be hidden.When using various mechanisms for the conversion of electricity, it should not be forgotten for a minute on compliance with the safety precautions and methods of work in the electrical circuits and with the appliances included in these circuits.

The situation in which the electric current cannot be seen or listened to.We are able to detect the presence of electric current in the tenant only with the help of measuring devices specially designed for these purposes.

Therefore, the first condition for the correct use of electricity energy should be compulsory compliance with elementary rules and safety techniques.The study of the causes of electro -mast in daily life indicates that these causes are not in great variety and do not change for several decades.

The main causes of electro -octatism in everyday life are:

• violation of elementary rules and working methods with electricity;
• defective appliance operation;
• Installment management of electrical installations in the personal plot;
• Attempts to independently repair electrical equipment and electrical wiring by people who do not have the necessary skills and qualifications.

It is necessary to remember the many of the most general rules, whose observation will allow you to protect you from all types of problems that often arise during the functioning of the appliances:

1. Very often, the cause of the electric shock is destroying the isolation of electrical wiring (or electroshnuers) in the accessible places to touch them.For this reason, it is necessary to periodically lead an external inspection of electrical wiring and verify the resistance to the insulation of its threads and, if the violation of the isolation is detected, take the most urgent measures to restore it.
2. All electrical circuits must be protected by short circuits and overloads using automatic switches or smooth inserts installed in the corresponding lines (in the distribution screens of the house or apartment).The current installations of these devices should be calibrated so that the protection devices are activated in currents that exceed the set values.
3. The operation of the apartment networks of the apartment is possible only with fully useful installation elements of the wiring (sockets, distribution boxes, switch, etc.).
4. Network cables of household appliances in places of damage or breakage of the conductive nuclei can be very warm, which is often the cause of the fire of the wires.Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the maintenance of the wires and forks of the network cables.
5. Before repairing the electrical appliance of failure, it is necessary to deactivate this electrical appliance from the network.But the most optimal solution in this case will be the invitation of a qualified specialist who will quickly and efficiently eliminate malfunction.
6. It is necessary to monitor very carefully the presence of protective grounding of all metal parts and electrical installation housings.The protective grounding will protect you reliably from electric shocks in the event of violation of the isolation of electrical wiring and when the network voltage appears on the case of the electrical appliance.

Chronology of practical use of electricity

Almost at the same time, the theory of electricity begins the history of the practical application of electricity.In 1809, English Delaru was building the first incandescent lamp with a thread of tungsten.But this lamp differs from modern incandescent lamps, like a wheel trolley from the slopes of the boat.

65 years of age passed until 11 July 1874, Alexander Nikolaevich Lodingin not patents the first incandescent lamp in an empty ball.In general, in this decade of the 19th century, the lamps were invented as "hot cakes".

This is the Didrichson lamp (the improved praise lamp) and the Yablochkov candle (the first lamp in which it was not necessary to maintain the distance between the electrodes) and the Edison lamp with a platinum wire of incandescent in 1879. Due to the way Edison was the first to invest (especially) a switch.

But the platinum threads could not have much use after Lodingin in 1890 of the incandescent threads from refractory materials: molybdenum and tungsten.Tungsten threads still illuminate most of humanity.

The industrial production of incandescent lamps began in 1905. Industrial production became possible on the basis of patent no.34541 of two Hungarians: Sandora Eustor and Frano Hanaman in 1904.

The practical use of electricity applies not only to the lighting of houses and roads.CA transformers are created, electrical engines are created, first operational from the continuous current, then asynchronous engines of the alternating current.

But the basis of the basic use of electricity is the development or production of electric current with electrical stations.The first power plant was an electric generator of the transformation energy of a steam machine into electricity.

Initially, electric generators provided electricity for separate factories, workshops.In 1880, the first electrical power plants of the city began to be built.The first power plant was built in 1882 in New York under the guidance of Edison himself.

Savings with the help of reasonable self -detection can be a significant amount of money.We take on some simple but effective methods of conservation of energy in everyday life.

Heat savings

The isolation of the blocks of windows and doors allows you to increase the temperature in apartments and houses by 4-5 ° C and abandon the electric heater, which consumes up to 4000 kW ∙ H during the season.There are several ways of insulation:

• Crepe flakes in frames and window doors.For this, mounting foams are used, car sealing nastri -expansion, silicone and acrylic sealing.The result is an increase in air temperature in the 1-2 degree room;
• Seal the Narthex of windows and doors with the help of various seals and self -adhesive seals.The window seal is performed not only around the perimeter, but also among the frames.The result is an increase in the temperature of the room of 1-3 degrees;
• Installation of new plastic or wooden windows with double glass double -glass windows, glass with films and fans that reflect the heat.So the temperature in the room will be stable in winter and in summer, the fresh air, the need to periodically open the window will disappear, launching a large volume of hot air.The result is an increase in temperature in the 2-5 degree room and a decrease in the road level level;
• Installation of the second door at the entrance of the apartment (home).The result is an increase in temperature in the 1-2 degree room, a decrease in the external noise level and gas content;
• Installation of a thermal reflection screen (or aluminum sheet) on the wall behind the heating radiator.The result is an increase in temperature in the 1 degree room.Try not to close the radiators with dense curtains, screens, furniture: the heat will be distributed more efficiently in the room.Replace cast iron radiators with aluminum: their heat transfer is 40-50%higher.If the radiators are installed taking into account the convenient removal, it is possible to rinse them regularly, which also helps to increase heat transfer.Glazing the balcony or the loggia is equivalent to the installation of an additional window.This creates a thermal buffer with an intermediate temperature of 10 ° C higher than the road, in severe frost.It is not rare when there is a problem not with a lack of heat, but with its excess.The solution will be the installation of the thermostat on radiators.

Savings of electricity

Replace ordinary incandescent lamps with LEDs.Their service duration is 20 times more than the incandescent lamp, the consumption is 8 times lower.During operation, the light pays 8-10 times.Use local lamps when general lighting is not necessary.Take a rule, leaving the room, extinguishes the light.Disconnect the devices that are in standby mode for a long time.Tvs, computers, musical centers in standby mode consume energy from 3 to 10 W ∙ h.During the year, this equipment, including the chargers left in the sockets, will give further energy consumption of 200-300 kWh.

Use the energy efficiency technique at least A. The consumption of additional energy for domestic devices of obsolete structures is about 50%.

Do not install the refrigerator next to a gas stove or a heating radiator.This increases the consumption of energy by a 20-30%refrigerator.The seal of the refrigerator must be clean and strictly suitable for the body and door.Even a small gap in the seal increases the energy consumption by 20-30%.Cool the products at room temperature before their positioning in the refrigerator.Do not forget to defrost the refrigerator more often

Do not close the refrigerator radiator, leave the space between the wall of the room and the rear wall of the refrigerator so that it can cool freely.

If you have an electric stove in your kitchen, make sure that its burners are not deformed and strictly adjacent to the bottom of the heated dishes.This will eliminate excessive consumption of heat and electricity.

Do not turn on the stove in advance and turn it off a little before you need to prepare the dish.Boil in an electrical kettle how much water you need to use.

Use light colors when decorating the walls of the apartment.Reading walls, light curtains, clean windows, a reasonable number of colors reduces lighting costs by 10-15%.

He notes the readings of electricity counters and analyzes how to reduce electricity consumption.

Turn off or transfer the computer to the sleep mode if its constant operation is not necessary.With continuous round -The -work, the computer consumes 70–120 kW ∙ h per month.If necessary, continuous operation is more efficient to use a laptop or computer with reduced energy consumption.In general, it is completely possible to reduce the electricity consumption of 40-50% without reducing the quality of life and damage to habits.

Save water

Make sure to install water meters.This will motivate to reduce water flow.Install the lever switches on the taps instead of the rotating cranes.Water saving will be 10-15% more comfort in the temperature selection.Do not turn on the water for full pressure.In 90% of cases, a small jet is enough, water consumption is reduced by 4-5 times.When they wash and shower, turn off the water when it is not necessary.The shower requires 10-20 times less water to accept the bathroom.Significant water savings are used when two -stay drainage tanks are used.It is necessary to carefully check the presence of water leaks from the drain tank, which occurs due to the old accessories.The replacement of accessories is not a very expensive event, but water saving is significant.Through a thin flow of losses, you can lose several cubic meters of water per month.In general, a reduction in water consumption is 4 times: the task is quite made and low.

Gas saving

Gas saving is mainly relevant if the gas counters are installed in the apartments, there are individual heating points.In this case, all the measures to save heat and hot water lead to savings on gas.During cooking, there are also opportunities to save gas:

• The burner flame should not go beyond the bottom of the pan, the pans, the kettle, otherwise the air is warmed up in the apartment (saving 50% or more);
• The deformed fund of the dishes leads to a gas above up to 50%;
• The dishes in which food is prepared should be clean and not buried.Contaminated dishes require 4-6 times more gas for cooking;
• Use economic dishes, these qualities are generally indicated by its manufacturer.The most energetic economic products are made of stainless steel with a shiny bottom, in particular with a layer of copper or aluminum.Aluminum dishes, enamel, with teflon coating is not cheap;
• The oven door should firmly adapt to the body of the plate and not release the hot air.In general, the simply economic use of gas gives a reduction in its consumption of 2 times, the use of the proposed measures - about 3 times.

Energy efficiency for modern society is an axiom.The economic use of heat, electricity, water, gas allows you to reduce your costs and improve the environmental situation on the planet as a whole.

Conclusion

The relatively not long, but quick use of the practical use of electricity is undoubtedly the greatest success of humanity.But regardless of the large power plants in our country, all where there is far.For the consumer, the main and family is the electrician of his apartment and home.How to create electrical wiring in an apartment and a house, which electric networks are used for domestic needs, how to produce electrical equipment, such as repairing an electrician with their own hands.